由于近期正在开发一个通过蓝牙进行数据传递的模块，在参考了有关资料，并详细阅读了Android的官方文档后，总结了Android中蓝牙模块的使用。
1. 使用蓝牙的响应权限
< uses-permission android:name ="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> < uses-permission android:name ="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
2. 配置本机蓝牙模块
在这里首先要了解对蓝牙操作一个核心类BluetoothAdapter
BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
// 直接打开系统的蓝牙设置面板 Intent intent =
new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
startActivityForResult(intent, 0x1);
// 直接打开蓝牙 adapter.enable();
// 关闭蓝牙 adapter.disable();
// 打开本机的蓝牙发现功能（默认打开120秒，可以将时间最多延长至300秒） discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);
// 设置持续时间（最多300秒）Intent discoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);
3.搜索蓝牙设备
使用BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery()方法来搜索蓝牙设备
startDiscovery()方法是一个异步方法，调用后会立即返回。该方法会进行对其他蓝牙设备的搜索，该过程会持续12秒。该方法调用后，搜索过程实际上是在一个System Service中进行的，所以可以调用cancelDiscovery()方法来停止搜索（该方法可以在未执行discovery请求时调用）。
请求Discovery后，系统开始搜索蓝牙设备，在这个过程中，系统会发送以下三个广播：
ACTION_DISCOVERY_START：开始搜索
ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED：搜索结束
ACTION_FOUND：找到设备，这个Intent中包含两个extra fields：EXTRA_DEVICE和EXTRA_CLASS，分别包含BluetooDevice和BluetoothClass。
我们可以自己注册相应的BroadcastReceiver来接收响应的广播，以便实现某些功能
// 创建一个接收ACTION_FOUND广播的BroadcastReceiver private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver =
new BroadcastReceiver() {
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
String action = intent.getAction();
// 发现设备 if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
// 从Intent中获取设备对象 BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
// 将设备名称和地址放入array adapter，以便在ListView中显示 mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
}
}
};
// 注册BroadcastReceiver IntentFilter filter =
new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);
// 不要忘了之后解除绑定
4. 蓝牙Socket通信
如果打算建议两个蓝牙设备之间的连接，则必须实现服务器端与客户端的机制。当两个设备在同一个RFCOMM channel下分别拥有一个连接的BluetoothSocket，这两个设备才可以说是建立了连接。
服务器设备与客户端设备获取BluetoothSocket的途径是不同的。服务器设备是通过accepted一个incoming connection来获取的，而客户端设备则是通过打开一个到服务器的RFCOMM channel来获取的。
服务器端的实现
通过调用BluetoothAdapter的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法来获取BluetoothServerSocket（UUID用于客户端与服务器端之间的配对）
调用BluetoothServerSocket的accept()方法监听连接请求，如果收到请求，则返回一个BluetoothSocket实例（此方法为block方法，应置于新线程中）
如果不想在accept其他的连接，则调用BluetoothServerSocket的close()方法释放资源（调用该方法后，之前获得的BluetoothSocket实例并没有close。但由于RFCOMM一个时刻只允许在一条channel中有一个连接，则一般在accept一个连接后，便close掉BluetoothServerSocket）
private class AcceptThread
extends Thread {
private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket;
public AcceptThread() {
// Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket, // because mmServerSocket is final BluetoothServerSocket tmp =
null;
try {
// MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID);
}
catch (IOException e) { }
mmServerSocket = tmp;
}
public void run() {
BluetoothSocket socket =
null;
// Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned while (
true) {
try {
socket = mmServerSocket.accept();
}
catch (IOException e) {
break;
}
// If a connection was accepted if (socket !=
null) {
// Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread) manageConnectedSocket(socket);
mmServerSocket.close();
break;
}
}
}
/** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */ public void cancel() {
try {
mmServerSocket.close();
}
catch (IOException e) { }
}
}
客户端的实现 通过搜索得到服务器端的BluetoothService
调用BluetoothService的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法获取BluetoothSocket（该UUID应该同于服务器端的UUID）
调用BluetoothSocket的connect()方法（该方法为block方法），如果UUID同服务器端的UUID匹配，并且连接被服务器端accept，则connect()方法返回
注意：在调用connect()方法之前，应当确定当前没有搜索设备，否则连接会变得非常慢并且容易失败
private class ConnectThread
extends Thread {
private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice;
public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {
// Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket, // because mmSocket is final BluetoothSocket tmp =
null;
mmDevice = device;
// Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice try {
// MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);
}
catch (IOException e) { }
mmSocket = tmp;
}
public void run() {
// Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
try {
// Connect the device through the socket. This will block // until it succeeds or throws an exception mmSocket.connect();
}
catch (IOException connectException) {
// Unable to connect; close the socket and get out try {
mmSocket.close();
}
catch (IOException closeException) { }
return;
}
// Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread) manageConnectedSocket(mmSocket);
}
/** Will cancel an in-progress connection, and close the socket */ public void cancel() {
try {
mmSocket.close();
}
catch (IOException e) { }
}
}
连接管理（数据通信） 分别通过BluetoothSocket的getInputStream()和getOutputStream()方法获取InputStream和OutputStream
使用read(bytes[])和write(bytes[])方法分别进行读写操作
注意：read(bytes[])方法会一直block，知道从流中读取到信息，而write(bytes[])方法并不是经常的block（比如在另一设备没有及时read或者中间缓冲区已满的情况下，write方法会block）
private class ConnectedThread
extends Thread {
private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;
private final InputStream mmInStream;
private final OutputStream mmOutStream;
public ConnectedThread(BluetoothSocket socket) {
mmSocket = socket;
InputStream tmpIn =
null;
OutputStream tmpOut =
null;
// Get the input and output streams, using temp objects because // member streams are final try {
tmpIn = socket.getInputStream();
tmpOut = socket.getOutputStream();
}
catch (IOException e) { }
mmInStream = tmpIn;
mmOutStream = tmpOut;
}
public void run() {
byte[] buffer =
new byte[1024];
// buffer store for the stream int bytes;
// bytes returned from read() // Keep listening to the InputStream until an exception occurs while (
true) {
try {
// Read from the InputStream bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);
// Send the obtained bytes to the UI Activity mHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_READ, bytes, -1, buffer)
.sendToTarget();
}
catch (IOException e) {
break;
}
}
}
/* Call this from the main Activity to send data to the remote device */ public void write(
byte[] bytes) {
try {
mmOutStream.write(bytes);
}
catch (IOException e) { }
}
/* Call this from the main Activity to shutdown the connection */ public void cancel() {
try {
mmSocket.close();
}
catch (IOException e) { }
}
}
引用资料：Android官方SDK、《Android/OPhone完全开发讲义》 url: